by Rabbi Jeremy Rosen
Many, many books have been written about the Holocaust and antisemitism. Amongst my favorites is Anthony Julius’s Trials of the Diaspora (for an English slant) and David Nirenberg’s Anti-Judaism from an American perspective. But when it comes to a broad and detailed analysis of antisemitism, and a profound knowledge of history, the late Robert Wistrich (April 7, 1945 – May 19, 2015) who was taken from us too soon, was in a league of his own. He was an unlikely candidate for the pre-eminence he achieved. We were both at Cambridge University at the same time but apart from a few brief encounters at the Jewish Society, we lived in different worlds, religiously and academically.
I should say right away that I am indebted to a remarkable friend of mine Dr Winston Picket, former director of the European Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism. And previously Communications Director at the Board of Deputies of British Jews and external relations director at the Institute for Jewish Policy Research. In a review he wrote that Professor Wistrich had sought to endow the subject of anti-Semitism with academic respectability after it had been subordinated to studies of racism and the Holocaust and had fallen out of favor in Israel, “where in a spirit of nation-building and a psychological need to move on, the study of Jew-hatred may have seemed retrograde at best and post-traumatic at worst.”
Dr. Pickett asked Professor Wistrich how he was able to spend virtually his whole career on what a fellow writer sardonically described as “five thousand years of bitterness.” What sustained him? “‘Israel,” he replied, “is the only place where I could ever carry out this work.”
Robert Wistrich was born to left-wing Polish parents who had moved to Lviv in 1940 to escape the Nazis. But they found that the Soviet regime was unbearable. In 1942 they moved to Kazakhstan, where Wistrich's father was imprisoned twice by the Secret Police. After World War II, they returned to Poland. But finding the post-war environment in Poland to be dangerously antisemitic, they moved to France and then England where Robert grew up.
He recalled that at school in London, antisemitism “In the 1950s, this was a normal part of the landscape. Jews were ‘bloody foreigners,’ but I wasn’t rattled by it. All the teachers at my grammar school were influenced by anti-Jewish prejudices. So, in order to achieve, you had to outperform.”
IN 1962 at the age of 17, Wistrich won an Open Scholarship to study history at Cambridge. Between 1969 and 1970, during a study year in Israel, he became the youngest literary editor of New Outlook, a left-wing monthly founded by Martin Buber. From 1974 to 1980, Wistrich was Director of Research at the Institute of Contemporary History and the Wiener Library. He was appointed a Research Fellow at the British Academy and was given tenure at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Between 1991 and 1995, Wistrich held the Chair of Jewish Studies at University College London. He acted as the chief historical consultant for the BBC documentary Blaming the Jews, which explores contemporary Muslim antisemitism. He also served as the academic advisor for the controversial documentary film Obsession: Radical Islam's War Against the West (2005).
He headed the Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism at the Hebrew University andsat on the Catholic-Jewish Historical Commission to examine the wartime record of Pope Pius X11 with special reference to the Holocaust . In 2001, Professor Wistrich was one of three Jewish scholars who said they could no longer work on the committee unless the Vatican opened its archives. In a preliminary report, the panel whitewashed the pope . They concluded that he “was through and through a diplomat, but that simply didn’t work when confronted with the Nazi machinery.”
In 2014, Wistrich authored an exhibition which was to be entitled "The 3,500-year relationships of the Jewish people to the Land of Israel”. The exhibition which was scheduled for display at the headquarters of UNESCO but was canceled under pressure from Arab nations. The exhibit eventually opened six months later after the phrase "Land of Israel" was replaced with "Holy Land". In response to the controversy, Wistrich said the cancellation "completely destroyed any claim that UNESCO could possibly have to be representing the universal values of toleration, mutual understanding, respect for the other narratives that are different, engaging with civil society organization. Because there is one standard for Jews and another for non-Jews." Nevertheless, he was not shy in excoriating the shortcomings of Israel’s political system.
He likened today’s radical anti-Zionism to anti-Jewish sentiments in Europe before the Holocaust. In the journal The Jewish Political Studies Review, he wrote in 2004, “The most virulent expressions of this ‘exterminationist’ or genocidal anti-Zionism have come from the Arab-Muslim world, which is the historical heir of the earlier 20th century forms of totalitarian anti-Semitism in Hitler’s Germany and the Soviet Union.”
In “Antisemitism: The Longest Hatred.” he traced antisemitism’s historic roots in Jewish religious and social exceptionalism, which, he said, antagonized early pagans and rulers who demanded absolute fealty, and which later spread as Christians embraced the divinity of Jesus. He distinguished between classical anti-Zionism, or opposition to a Jewish state, and antisemitism, and also between Islam and Islamist terrorism. His magnum opus A Lethal Obsession: Anti-semitism from Antiquity to the Global Jihad is absolutely essential for anyone seriously interested in the subject.
He was an obsessive researcher and brilliant academic. There is of course a great deal of material on this painful subject. But he was a unique, punctilious and powerful voice. His early death spared him from the enormous resurgence of antisemitism we see today. But he would not have been surprised.
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Jeremy Rosen was born in Manchester, England, the eldest son of Rabbi Kopul Rosen and Bella Rosen. Rosen's thinking was strongly influenced by his father, who rejected fundamentalist and obscurantist approaches in favour of being open to the best the secular world has to offer while remaining committed to religious life. He was first educated at Carmel College, the school his father had founded based on this philosophical orientation. At his father's direction, Rosen also studied at Be'er Yaakov Yeshiva in Israel (1957–1958 and 1960). He then went on to Merkaz Harav Kook (1961), and Mir Yeshiva (1965–1968) in Jerusalem, where he received semicha from Rabbi Chaim Leib Shmuelevitz in addition to Rabbi Dovid Povarsky of Ponevezh and Rabbi Moshe Shmuel Shapiro of Yeshivat Be'er Ya'akov. In between Rosen attended Cambridge University (1962–1965), graduating with a degree in Moral Sciences.
Image Credit: New York Times