by Ram ben Ze'ev
In the bustling streets of our modern world, where social media feeds brim with self-promotion and so-called "acts of kindness" are sometimes staged or flaunted for public recognition, the concept of anonymity in charity may seem foreign to many. Yet, in the rich tapestry of Jewish tradition, the principle of performing acts of kindness quietly, without fanfare or seeking acknowledgment, holds profound significance. It is a practice deeply rooted in the ethos of humility, justice, and spiritual integrity.
At the heart of Jewish teachings lies the concept of Tzedakah, often mis-translated as charity, but carrying a much broader connotation encompassing righteousness and justice. Tzedakah is not merely a discretionary act of generosity but a moral obligation incumbent upon every Jew to ensure social justice and alleviate suffering in the world. However, the method by which Tzedakah is performed is equally as important as the act itself.
Central to Jewish thought is the belief that acts of charity should be conducted anonymously whenever possible. This principle finds its roots in several foundational texts, including the Talmud (Babylonian Talmud, Bava Batra 10b), where it is written:
It is the type in which one gives the charity without knowing to whom he gave it, and the other one takes it without knowing from whom he took it. The Gemara explains: One gives it without knowing to whom he gave it, this serves to exclude the practice of Mar Ukva, who would personally give charity to poor people without their knowing he was the donor. The other one takes it without knowing from whom he took it; this serves to exclude the practice of Rabbi Abba, who would render his money ownerless, so that poor people would come and take it without his knowing whom he helped, although they would know from whom the money came. The Gemara asks: Rather, how then should one act to conceal his own identity and also remain ignorant of the identities of the recipients? The Gemara answers: The best method is to put the money into the charity purse.
This wisdom reflects a profound understanding of human psychology and the delicate dynamics of charity.
When one performs acts of charity quietly, without seeking recognition or praise, it fosters a sense of dignity and preserves the recipient's honour. By contrast, public displays of philanthropy, while well-intentioned, can inadvertently shame the recipient and perpetuate a power dynamic that undermines the essence of Tzedakah. Additionally, the emphasis on anonymity serves to purify the intentions behind the act, ensuring that the giver's motivations remain untainted by ego or desire for acclaim.
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Moreover, the tradition of anonymous giving aligns with the Jewish value of humility, or Anavah. Humility is revered as a virtue that cultivates empathy, compassion, and a deep sense of interconnectedness with others. By shunning the spotlight and choosing anonymity, individuals are reminded of their inherent equality with those in need, fostering a spirit of solidarity and mutual respect.
Furthermore, anonymity in charity serves to deflect attention away from the giver and redirect it towards the cause itself. Rather than elevating oneself through public displays of generosity, the focus remains firmly on addressing the underlying issues of injustice and alleviating suffering in the world. In this way, the act of giving becomes a sacred endeavour, transcending personal ego and fulfilling a higher moral imperative.
The tradition of anonymous giving is exemplified by numerous teachings from Jewish scripture. One such lesson is found in the narrative of Ruth, where Boaz, a wealthy landowner, quietly provides for Ruth and her mother-in-law Naomi without seeking recognition or reward. The story unfolds as Ruth, a Moabite widow, accompanies her mother-in-law Naomi back to Bethlehem after the death of their husbands. Finding themselves in dire circumstances, Ruth goes to glean in the fields to provide for herself and Naomi.
Boaz notices Ruth gleaning in his fields and inquires about her. Upon learning of her loyalty to Naomi and her dedication to providing for her, Boaz instructs his workers to leave extra grain for Ruth to glean and ensures her safety and protection while she works in his fields.
Throughout these interactions, Boaz demonstrates kindness and generosity towards Ruth and Naomi, offering practical assistance without seeking recognition or reward. His actions exemplify the spirit of anonymous giving and reflect the values of compassion, humility, and solidarity that are central to the teachings of Judaism, emphasizing the transformative power of humility and compassion.
Moreover, the practice of anonymous giving is not limited to individual acts of charity but extends to communal efforts as well. Throughout history, Jewish communities have established institutions such as Gemachim (free-loan societies) and Tzedakah funds, where contributions are collected and distributed discreetly to those in need. These communal structures embody the principle of collective responsibility and solidarity, ensuring that no individual in the community is left behind or marginalised.
In addition to the ethical considerations, there are spiritual dimensions to the practice of anonymous giving within Judaism. It is believed that acts of charity performed quietly and without expectation of reward carry a special merit in the eyes of G-D. As it is written: "Hide Your face from my sins; blot out all my iniquities. Fashion a pure heart for me, O G-D; create in me a steadfast spirit." (Tehillim 51:11-12). This passage underscores the transformative power of humility and repentance, emphasising the importance of sincerity and purity of heart in one's actions.
Ultimately, the tradition of anonymous giving in Judaism is rooted in the profound recognition of the inherent dignity and worth of every individual. By prioritising the preservation of dignity and humility in acts of charity, individuals not only fulfill their moral obligation to alleviate suffering but also cultivate a deeper sense of empathy, compassion, and spiritual integrity. In a world often characterised by self-promotion and ego-driven pursuits, the sacred silence of anonymous giving serves as a timeless reminder of the enduring values of justice, humility, and compassion that lie at the heart of Jewish tradition.
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Bill White (Ram ben Ze'ev) is CEO of WireNews and Executive Director of Hebrew Synagogue